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Thymosin Beta-4

Thymosin Beta-4 molecular structure

WADA BANNED - Prohibited in competitive sports as healing peptide

Overview

Thymosin Beta-4 (Tβ4) is one of the most abundant peptides in your body, found in virtually every cell except red blood cells. It's your body's natural "repair signal" that orchestrates healing after injury. **What does it do?** Thymosin Beta-4 controls actin, a protein that forms the "skeleton" inside your cells and enables them to move. When tissue is damaged, Tβ4 helps cells migrate to the injury site, promotes blood vessel formation, and reduces inflammation and scarring. **What the research shows:** • Accelerates wound healing in skin, cornea, and heart tissue • Reduces inflammation and scar tissue formation • Promotes new blood vessel growth (angiogenesis) • Supports hair follicle development • May protect the nervous system and support nerve regeneration **Where it's been studied:** Clinical applications include corneal injury repair, skin wounds, burns, and cardiac protection after heart attacks. **TB-500 connection:** TB-500 is a synthetic version of Thymosin Beta-4 commonly used in research and veterinary medicine. **Important to know:** While research is promising, Thymosin Beta-4 is not FDA-approved for any condition. Most evidence comes from animal studies and early human trials. --- **Sources:** Goldstein AL, et al. (2022) Current Protein & Peptide Science. DOI:10.2174/1389203724666221201093500 | Xing Y, et al. (2021) Chinese Journal of Burns. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20210221-00059

Last reviewed: 2026-08-18

Identity & Aliases

Also known as

Thymosin beta-4Tb4TB-500 (synthetic form)RGN-259 (ophthalmic)NL005

Status: Research compound - Full-length healing peptide

CAS77591-33-4
PubChem45382195

Full composition (formula, molecular weight, sequence) in Quick Facts →

Research Areas

Wound healing and tissue repairOphthalmology (corneal healing)Cardiac repair / myocardial infarctionAngiogenesis and actin dynamics

Available Evidence

Human

Thymosin beta-4 has been studied in Phase 2 trials for corneal wound healing (NCT00598871) and dry eye, and a Phase 3 trial of 0.1% RGN-259 ophthalmic solution in neurotrophic keratopathy reported significantly improved corneal healing versus vehicle (2023, PMID 36613994). Trials in acute myocardial infarction are ongoing (e.g., NL005, NCT05984134).

Animal

Animal studies show Tb4 accelerates skin, corneal, and cardiac wound healing, promotes angiogenesis, reduces inflammation and scarring, and protects cardiomyocytes after ischemic injury.

In Vitro

Cell studies demonstrate Tb4's actin-sequestering (G-actin binding) mechanism, promotion of cell migration, and support of endothelial tubule formation (angiogenesis).

Uncertain

Systemic use for performance or general healing is not FDA-approved; TB-500 (synthetic thymosin beta-4) is prohibited by WADA for athletes, and robust human data for muscle/tendon indications are lacking.

Key Studies & Findings

3 studies
Clinical2023

In a Phase 3 trial, 0.1% RGN-259 (thymosin beta-4) ophthalmic solution promoted corneal healing and improved comfort in patients with neurotrophic keratopathy versus placebo.

Benefits & Effects

6 documented

Tissue regeneration

anecdotal

Angiogenesis

anecdotal

Flexibility improvement

anecdotal

Wound healing

anecdotal

Cell migration

anecdotal

Anti-inflammatory

anecdotal

Side Effects & Safety

3 reported

Rare injection site pain

SevereRare

Generally well-tolerated

MildUncommon

Mild fatigue

MildUncommon

Limitations & Open Questions

Approved for no systemic indication; strongest human data are ophthalmic (corneal healing); evidence for muscle/tendon/performance use is largely anecdotal or preclinical; WADA-banned in sport; long-term systemic safety data are limited.

Pharmacology

43-amino-acid actin-sequestering peptide present in most tissues; promotes cell migration, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory/anti-scarring responses. Systemic half-life is short (minutes), which is why sustained-release or ophthalmic formulations (RGN-259) and frequent dosing are used in trials.

Reported Research Dosing

Reported values from research literature and community protocols. Educational reference only — not a dosing recommendation or medical advice.

2-10mg weekly

Route: SC
Half-life: 2-4 hours

Research Protocols

Acute Wound Healing

Dose
1.6 mg
Frequency
Daily
Route
Subcutaneous injection

Cardiac Protection

Dose
42 mg
Frequency
Single dose
Route
IV bolus within 6 hours of MI

Chronic Tissue Repair

Dose
6 mg
Frequency
Twice weekly
Route
Subcutaneous injection

Neurological Recovery

Dose
30 mg
Frequency
Three times over 72 hours
Route
IV infusion

General Regeneration

Dose
2-5 mg
Frequency
Daily or every other day
Route
Subcutaneous injection

Research Protocol

Dose
0.6-14 mg
Frequency
As per study design
Route
SC or IV as indicated

Research protocols are for educational purposes only. Always consult qualified medical professionals.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is thymosin beta-4 (TB-500) allowed in sport?

No - thymosin beta-4 and its synthetic form TB-500 are on the WADA Prohibited List, and positive tests have occurred in professional sport.

What is the strongest clinical evidence for thymosin beta-4?

Ophthalmic use: a Phase 3 trial showed RGN-259 improved corneal healing in neurotrophic keratopathy. Systemic indications remain investigational.

Research Citations

4
Thymosin β(4) and β(10) Expression in Human Organs during Development: A Review.

Faa G, Messana I, Coni P, Piras M, Pichiri G, Piludu M, Iavarone F, Desiderio C, Vento G, Tirone C, Manconi B, Olianas A, Contini C, Cabras T, Castagnola M (2024)

5
Thymosin beta-4 denotes new directions towards developing prosperous anti-aging regenerative therapies.

Bock-Marquette I, Maar K, Maar S, Lippai B, Faskerti G, Gallyas F Jr, Olson EN, Srivastava D (2023)

+ 48 more citations

Related Resources

Quick Facts

Formula

C212H350N56O78S

Molecular Weight

4982.00

Sequence

PPP

Mechanism

Promotes wound healing and tissue regeneration

Safety Information

Research compound only. TB-500 is the more commonly used synthetic fragment.

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